About 4113Engineering

4113Engineering is a specialized engineering firm focused on advancing geospatial data standards and developing innovative solutions for spatial data management. We bridge the gap between complex international standards and practical implementation, enabling organizations to manage their geospatial assets with confidence and compliance.

Through our work with the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) community, and international standards bodies, we deliver cutting-edge solutions that combine technical excellence with real-world applicability.


Our Expertise

Geospatial Standards


Deep expertise in ISO 19115, ISO 19115-4, OGC standards, and W3C PROV for comprehensive geospatial metadata and provenance management.

STAC Extensions


Development and implementation of SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog extensions for specialized use cases including liability tracking, claims management, and data quality reporting.

OGC Compliance

Ensuring compliance with OGC Building Blocks standards and facilitating interoperability across geospatial systems and platforms.

Data Quality & Lineage


Comprehensive data quality frameworks implementing ISO 19115 completeness, accuracy, and lineage specifications with full provenance tracking.

Semantic Web Integration


Bridging geospatial and semantic web communities through W3C PROV integration, enabling SPARQL queries and Linked Data platforms.

Liability & Claims Management


Specialized solutions for tracking environmental incidents, insurance claims, and legal compliance related to spatial data assets.

Featured Projects

A comprehensive STAC extension providing fields for documenting liability information and claims associated with geospatial data. Supports environmental liability tracking, insurance claims management, legal compliance, and damage assessment.

  • ISO 19115 and ISO 19115-4 compliant data quality reporting
  • W3C PROV provenance model support for semantic web integration
  • Enhanced lineage support with full traceability
  • Compatible with NASA UMM and OGC TrainingDML-AI standards
  • DGIWG quality elements for defence geospatial data

A comprehensive geospatial platform for creating shared situational awareness across teams and organizations. Provides real-time visualization and analysis of spatial data for operational decision-making.

4113Engineering is partner of the AIDGGS project contributing in the definition of the COP to merge geospatial trusted data and data derived from Retrieval Augmented Generation on Large Language Models.

Free available Qgis plugin on Github.

A platform for sharing and distributing Common Operating Picture data across organizations and teams. Facilitates collaborative geospatial intelligence and situational awareness through secure data sharing mechanisms and standardized formats.

A QGIS 3.x plugin (v2.0.0) that imports any GDAL-readable raster, automatically georeferences it using RDF/TTL Ground Control Points, exports to 15+ output formats, extracts ISO 19115-4 imagery metadata, and generates W3C PROV-O provenance records and STAC 1.0 Items enriched with the Imagery Domain Ontology (IDO v1.1.0) extension.

Plugin tabs

  • Import — file picker for any GDAL format (HEIF, GeoTIFF, JP2, ECW, PNG, JPEG, NITF, HDF5, NetCDF, Zarr, ENVI, HFA, VRT, GeoPackage, MrSID); optional TTL/RDF GCPs (external or auto-detected from embedded TB21 GIMI RDF)
  • Export — 15+ output formats including COG, JPEG2000, TB21 GIMI HEIF with embedded RDF; output path extension auto-updates on format change
  • STAC / Provenance — provenance summary (UUIDs, BLAKE3 hashes, ISO 19115-4 fields, GCP count); one-click STAC 1.0 Item export with checksum, processing, eo and ido extensions
  • IDO Annotation — governance fields: responsible party, legal jurisdiction, ownership DID, data classification, retention, NIIRS estimate (auto from GSD), MGCP feature class, annotation confidence
  • Query STAC — search external STAC catalogues (Element 84, custom endpoints) by bounding box, date range and collection; load selected items directly into QGIS

Key capabilities

  • GCP Warp (default) or Orthorectification (polynomial order 1/2/3 or TPS); resampling: Nearest / Bilinear / Cubic / Lanczos
  • ISO 19115-4 metadata extraction (cloud cover, processing level, sensor info) auto-written to provenance
  • PROV-O lineage in Turtle/RDF (_provenance.ttl) + JSON sidecar (_provenance.json)
  • BLAKE3 integrity hashing of input and output files; one-click hash verification
  • HEIF Structure Viewer — ISOBMFF box tree with EXIF/XMP/ICC, HDR metadata, embedded TB21 GIMI RDF, SAI content IDs and TAI timestamps
  • QSettings persistence — last-used paths remembered across sessions

Patient Data Management

Manage and organize patient records with secure, structured data and flexible access control.

  • Patient Information Entry
    • Patient number (privacy-safe identifier)
    • Patient name
    • Medical exam type selection
    • Acquisition date tracking
    • Additional notes and metadata
  • Departmental Access Control
    • Configure which departments can access imaging data
    • Support for 10 standard medical departments
    • Custom releasability settings
  • Patient Database
    • Persistent JSON-based storage
    • Search by patient number or name
    • Track multiple imaging sessions per patient
    • Export database to JSON

Hyperspectral Imaging Support

Work with hyperspectral data across multiple formats with powerful visualization and browsing tools.

  • Multi-Format HSI Loading
    • ENVI formats (BIL, BIP, BSQ)
    • GeoTIFF
    • HDF5
    • ERDAS Imagine
    • Automatic format detection
  • Advanced Visualization
    • Single band grayscale display
    • RGB composite rendering
    • False color composites
    • Automatic contrast enhancement
    • Histogram stretching
    • Band statistics calculation
  • Data Browser
    • Browse HSI data directories
    • Preview file information
    • Support for subdirectory organization
    • Automatic HSI file detection

Location Selection

Select and identify archaeological sites through interactive map tools and geospatial data integration.

  • Map-based Selection
    • Click directly on the map to select site locations
  • Name-based Search
    • Search sites using names or location keywords
  • Coordinate Display
    • Automatically calculate and display WGS84 coordinates
  • Cadastral Integration
    • Automatically load cadastral (catasto) data for selected locations

Site Management

Store, classify, and manage archaeological site data with structured metadata and access levels.

  • Comprehensive Metadata
    • Record site name, type, time period, archaeologist, institution
  • Classification Levels
    • Public, internal, confidential, restricted, classified data support
  • Catasto Integration
    • Map cadastral information (municipality, parcel sheet/number, area, category)
  • Site Database
    • Persistent storage with search and filtering capabilities

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)

Handle hyperspectral datasets and link them directly to archaeological sites.

  • Multi-format Support
    • TIFF, ENVI, IMG, HDR, BSQ, BIL, BIP formats
  • Band Information
    • Automatic detection of bands, dimensions, and data types
  • Site Association
    • Link multiple HSI datasets to specific archaeological sites

Processing Algorithms

Apply advanced hyperspectral processing tailored for archaeological analysis.

  • Normalization
    • Min-max, Z-score, L2 normalization
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
    • Dimensionality reduction
  • Minimum Noise Fraction (MNF)
    • Noise reduction and feature extraction
  • Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)
    • Material classification using reference spectra
  • Material Classification
    • Identify materials based on spectral signatures
  • Pigment Analysis
    • Detect and classify archaeological pigments
  • Buried Structure Detection
    • Identify subsurface archaeological features
  • Soil Organic Content
    • Analyze soil composition for site characterization
  • Spectral Unmixing
    • Separate mixed spectral signatures
  • Anomaly Detection (RXD)
    • Reed–Xiaoli Detector for anomaly identification
  • Vegetation Indices
    • NDVI and other vegetation metrics
  • Custom Spectral Analysis
    • User-defined spectral processing workflows

Visualization

Explore and interpret hyperspectral data with flexible visualization tools.

  • Band Combinations
    • True color (RGB), false color (NIR-R-G), and custom combinations
  • Image Enhancement
    • Linear stretch, histogram equalization, adaptive histogram
  • Spectral Profiles
    • Extract and visualize spectral signatures from selected points
  • Real-time Preview
    • Immediate feedback on processing results

STAC Metadata & IPFS Integration

Ensure interoperability, traceability, and data integrity through modern standards and decentralized storage.

  • STAC v1.0.0 Compliance
    • Generate standards-compliant metadata
  • Liability Claims Extension v1.4.0
    • Support archaeological documentation requirements
  • Catasto Mapping
    • Automatically map cadastral data into STAC schema
  • Data Quality (dq:quality)
    • Assess metadata completeness and processing quality
  • Data Lineage (dq:lineage)
    • Track full data provenance from acquisition to processing
  • IPFS Upload
    • Upload processed data and metadata to IPFS
  • Blockchain Anchoring
    • Register IPFS CIDs for immutability
  • BLAKE3 Hashing
    • Ensure cryptographic data integrity verification

Platform Overview

Integrates UAV image georeferencing (GCPs + IMU), asbestos-specific hyperspectral processing, Italian cadastral (catasto) metadata, STAC-compliant metadata generation, and blockchain-anchored IPFS storage into a unified workflow.

Plugin Tabs

Navigate the system through modular tabs, each focused on a specific workflow stage.

  • Site Entry & Location
    • Record site metadata
    • Select location from map
    • Retrieve cadastral (catasto) data
  • HSI Data
    • Load and associate hyperspectral files with sites
  • Site Records
    • Browse, search, and manage the site database
  • Georeferencing
    • Georeference UAV imagery using GCPs and IMU data
  • HSI Processing
    • Run asbestos-specific spectral analysis algorithms
  • Visualization
    • Band combinations, enhancements, spectral profiles
  • Upload to IPFS
    • Package and upload processed data with blockchain anchoring
  • Usages
    • View usage history and audit trail
  • Configuration
    • Set API endpoints, IPFS node, and blockchain network parameters

Site Location & Cadastral Integration

Select, locate, and enrich archaeological or environmental sites with geospatial and cadastral data.

  • Map-based Selection
    • Click on the QGIS canvas to select a site
    • WGS84 coordinates automatically populated
  • Catasto Lookup
    • Load Italian cadastral data (municipality, sheet/parcel, area, category)
  • Classification Levels
    • Public, internal, confidential, restricted, classified

UAV Image Georeferencing

Convert raw UAV hyperspectral imagery into spatially accurate datasets.

  • GCP-based Georeferencing
    • Define Ground Control Points and match them to image pixels
  • IMU Data Processing
    • Import IMU/GPS flight logs to assist georeferencing
  • Orthorectification
    • Generate georeferenced rasters from UAV pushbroom data

Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI)

Manage and organize hyperspectral datasets linked to specific sites.

  • Multi-format Support
    • TIFF, ENVI, IMG, HDR, BSQ, BIL, BIP
  • Band Detection
    • Automatic detection of bands, dimensions, and data types
  • Site Association
    • Link multiple HSI acquisitions to a single site

Processing Algorithms (asbestos-specific)

Apply advanced spectral analysis tailored for asbestos detection and environmental assessment.

  • Normalization
    • Min-max, Z-score, L2
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
    • Dimensionality reduction for feature extraction
  • Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM)
    • Identify asbestos minerals using reference spectra
    • ROI-based reference extraction
  • Anomaly Detection (RXD)
    • Detect anomalous spectral signatures (Reed–Xiaoli Detector)
  • NDVI / Oxygenation Index
    • Evaluate vegetation health and environmental stress
  • Spectral Unmixing
    • Separate mixed spectral signatures in contaminated areas
  • Save Results
    • Export processed bands as GeoTIFF into QGIS

Visualization

Interactively explore hyperspectral data and analysis results.

  • Band Combinations
    • True color (RGB), false color (NIR-R-G), custom combinations
  • Image Enhancement
    • Linear stretch, histogram equalization, adaptive histogram
  • Spectral Profiles
    • Click on the map to extract spectral signatures

STAC Metadata & Provvedimento di Tutela

Ensure compliance, traceability, and official documentation generation.

  • STAC v1.0.0 Compliance
    • Generate STAC Items with bounding box per site
  • Liability Claims Extension v1.4.0
    • Include dq:quality and dq:lineage metadata
  • Catasto Mapping
    • Embed cadastral data into STAC properties
  • Provvedimento di Tutela
    • Generate official Italian decree PDFs
    • Include decree number, protocol, authority, signatures

IPFS & Blockchain

Secure, verify, and preserve processed data with decentralized technologies.

  • File Packaging
    • Bundle rasters, STAC JSON, and PDFs into archives
  • IPFS Upload
    • Upload to configurable IPFS node and retrieve CID
  • Blockchain Anchoring
    • Register CID on-chain for immutability
  • SHA-256 Integrity
    • Cryptographic hashing embedded in metadata and blockchain

Standards & Compliance

We work with leading international standards to ensure interoperability and compliance across geospatial systems

ISO 19115 / 19115-4

Geographic information metadata standards including imagery and gridded data extensions

OGC Standards

Open Geospatial Consortium Building Blocks and API specifications

W3C PROV

Provenance model for semantic web integration and linked data

STAC Specification

SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog for cloud-native geospatial metadata

NASA UMM

Unified Metadata Model compatibility for earth science data

DGIWG

Defence Geospatial Information Working Group quality standards

Technical Capabilities

Data Quality Management
  • Completeness and logical consistency assessment
  • Positional, temporal, and thematic accuracy evaluation
  • Radiometric accuracy and sensor quality analysis
  • Cloud coverage and environmental factor tracking
  • Attribute accuracy and topological consistency validation
Provenance & Lineage
  • Complete processing chain documentation
  • Source data identification and traceability
  • Algorithm and parameter tracking
  • Processor and organization attribution
  • Temporal tracking of data transformations
Integration Services
  • SPARQL query support for linked data platforms
  • JSON-LD context for semantic web compatibility
  • API integration with STAC catalogs
  • Crosswalk mapping between metadata standards
  • Schema validation and compliance checking

Use Cases

Environmental Liability Tracking

Document environmental incidents, track affected geographic areas, and manage associated claims with full spatial and temporal context.

Insurance Claims Management

Link geospatial data with insurance claims, coverage information, and damage assessments for efficient claims processing.

Legal Compliance & Jurisdiction

Track legal jurisdictions, responsible parties, resolution status, and maintain comprehensive audit trails for regulatory compliance.

Earth Observation Quality

Implement comprehensive quality reporting for satellite imagery and remote sensing data with ISO 19115-4 compliance.

Defense & Security Applications

Apply DGIWG quality standards for defense geospatial information with absolute and relative positional accuracy requirements.

ML Training Data Provenance

Track provenance and quality metadata for machine learning training datasets with OGC TrainingDML-AI compatibility.

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